Operationalizing Values in Language Models: A Comparative Analysis Using Hofstede’s Dimensions
Keywords:
AI cultural alignment, Hofstede’s dimensions, large language models, value systemsAbstract
This study explores the alignment of cultural values in various language models through a unique application of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. Utilizing a set of one-shot questions derived from Hofstede’s framework, we conducted an empirical investigation into how different artificial intelligence systems, including GPT-4o, mini GPT, YandexGPT, GigaChat, Claude Sonnet, and Gemini, conceptualize and express cultural values. Our findings reveal a distinct alignment of YandexGPT and GigaChat with Protestant work ethics, broadly categorized under individualistic Western values, while the remaining models demonstrated a tendency towards Catholic ethics, reflecting more collectivist Eastern values. This study contributes to the understanding of AI’s sociocultural alignment and raises significant implications for the development and deployment of language technologies across diverse cultural contexts. By examining the intersection of computer science and Hofstede’s sociological theories, we shed light on the underlying value systems that guide AI responses, providing a path into their potential societal impacts and ethical considerations, as well as giving business insights.
Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 International Congress of Knowledge and Innovation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
DECLARATION OF ASSIGNMENT AND TRANSFER OF PATRIMONIAL RIGHTS ON ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN THE CIKI PROCEEDINGS AND AUTHORIZATION FOR PUBLICATION
The AUTHOR, according to the law n. 9.610 of February 19th, 1998, hereby declares to whomsoever may concern, that it assigns and transfers, in a universal, definitive, irreversible, exclusive and gratuitous manner, all of its author's economic rights on the article submitted to the International Congress of Knowledge and Innovation - ciki.
The AUTHOR guarantees:
- That the article is original, except for the citations of other published works, provided that the limitations expressed in articles 46 and 47 of Law 9.610 of February 19, 1998 are observed;
- That the article does not contain any slanderous or defamatory statements and does not infringe any intellectual, commercial or industrial property rights of any third parties;
- To promptly compensate the International Congress of Knowledge and Innovation - ciKi for any indemnities, losses or expenses arising from the breach of the guarantees expressed in paragraphs 1 and 2, above.
With this assignment and transfer of the patrimonial rights referring to the author's right, the International Congress of Knowledge and Innovation - ciKi and its successors are free of any copyright payment to the AUTHOR or to their heirs or successors.
The AUTHOR further declares that the International Congress of Knowledge and Innovation - ciKi is fully authorized to use this article, in whole or in part, edited or complete, in Portuguese and in all other languages, in print, in Electronic means, internet, for commercial purposes or not, including distributing, adapting, creating derivative works, assigning rights to third parties in Brazil and / or abroad, including but not limited to: teaching, study and research; publication and dissemination; quote; use in general telecommunication means; audiovisual use in general, including all existing or future digital technologies, capable of storing and reproducing data.
The AUTHOR has guaranteed the moral rights over his article, including the binding of his name as author of the article object of this transfer.
The AUTHOR must always make a written request to the International Congress of Knowledge and Innovation - ciKi, when he intends to use his article, and is obliged to always insert the credit in the original publication, citing the bibliographic reference, complete and legible.
