KNOWLEDGE GRAPHS FOR SMART CITIES: A SCOPING REVIEW OF ONTOLOGIES, TOOLS, AND DECISION-MAKING IN SMART PORTS AND TOURISM
Keywords:
Knowledge Graphs, Smart Cities, Smart Ports, Smart Tourist Destinations, Data-Driven, Decision-MakingAbstract
In the era of Industry 4.0, municipal management faces the challenge of integrating heterogeneous data (IoT, traffic, tourism) for agile decision-making. In this context, Knowledge Graphs (KGs) can facilitate the processing and visualization of information; however, a systematic mapping of their applications in smart cities is still lacking. Therefore, this study aims to systematize, through a scoping review, the ontologies, tools, and interaction models involving KGs in smart cities, with a focus on decision-making applications—particularly those related to smart ports and tourist destinations. Following the PRISMA methodology, publications were selected from the Scopus, EBSCO, Lens, and OpenAlex databases. Since the main inclusion criteria was the use of KGs for decision-making, articles dealing with recommendation systems and/or those directed at general audiences were not included. Preliminary results show that each KG application follows a specific logic, considering local problems (population growth, flood-prone areas, logistics issues, energy and water supply). Many KG initiatives rely on customized solutions (proprietary tools), while others use the ones commercially available; it is also common to find the use of multiple ontologies within the same application. The results obtained may support the development of a framework for KGs in smart cities. The absence of studies addressing the application of KGs that unify the smart cities theme with the tourism and port sectors suggests the originality of this research, contributing to the knowledge production of the Graduate Program in Knowledge Engineering and Management, EGC/UFSC.
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